The Hierarchy of Dogs Needs.

The Hierarchy of Dogs Needs was developed by Linda Michaels in response to the return of dominance-based training and collar devices which caused pain. It takes Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and adapts it as a tool to understand the needs of dogs to create “a unique model of wellness and behaviour modification.” (The official website for HDN Dog Psychologist on Call.com). It is a layered pyramid in form with the basic needs at the base and secondary needs above. One must satisfy the needs at the base level in order to satisfy those above as the latter is dependent upon the former.

At the base are the biological needs which are the fundamental requirements needed to survive: proper nutrition, air, water, sufficient exercise, sleep, indoor shelter, temperature control, gentle grooming and veterinary care. “If dogs are sick, undernourished and sleep deprived there’s little space for learning…” (Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in Dog Training, 2016)

The 2nd layer addresses the emotional needs of the dog: to feel secure, loved; to be able to trust; consistency; and that their care giver is a benevolent leader (one who connects with the personality and essence of the dog, invites positive change and transformation, and in doing so enables the dog, to grow, flourish and express their needs within a wonderful relationship).

From there the model recognises their social needs: socialising and bonding with other dogs; forming relationships and socialising with people; play as a need and a means to achieve these bonds.

 After the social needs comes force-free training needs, a practical philosophy to modify, reinforce or diminish behaviour without force or dominance but through rewarding and reinforcing positive behaviour alongside effective but non physical consequences to discourage other forms of behaviour. A good example of combining is provided by John McGuigan, “ For example, teaching your dog to lie down with a stuffed Kong when visitors come in will reduce or eliminate the need to put them in another room or crate them if they are prone to mugging your guests.” (MCGUIGAN)

Finally, we have the cognitive needs: Canine cognition according Victoria Stillwell (CANINE COGNITION) is “how a dog’s mind processes the world around it” and include “empathy, memory, reasoning, cunning and communication” (What Are A Dog's Cognitive Abilities?) as well as how and when a dog can express choice and being able to read the signs of what they wish to do. It can be provided for through activities such as exercise, games and puzzles.

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