On observing a dog's facial expression:

A dog’s facial expression allows us to see into and understand its mind and state of being. DogFACs (Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, n.d.) have identified 11 action units (the groups of muscles in the face used in expression) and 5 ear action descriptors to provide a framework to facilitate this understanding (Dahl, 2016). Where dogs have been selectively bred for certain characteristics the ensuing features can obscure these movements. A Bichon Frise with floppy ears has a very different relaxed ear position to a German Shepherd, nevertheless the ears do move with the underlying muscle groups, pinching in when fearful. According to Udell, founder of the Canine Cognition and Behavior Lab at the University of Florida in Gainesville, “the hackles of dogs bred for their coats, such as poodles, have their hackles or eyes obscured by their coats”. (National Geographic, n.d.)  similarly, the underbite of the bulldog means that the teeth are always showing and where tails are short or curly the range of expression is curtailed.

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